When the joint at the big toe enlarges and repositions, the bump on the side and the curvature inward of the big toe is referred to as a bunion. Bunions can be very painful, not cause any symptoms at all, or affect the patient moderately. Bunion treatment approaches are widely varied, depending on severity, symptoms experienced, and the preferences of the podiatrist treating the patient. Bunion surgery is necessary for some patients, especially those who are experiencing significant pain. The surgical solution to bunion problems is usually only utilized if more conservative treatment options have failed.
Discussing the reasonable expectations for improvement after a bunion surgery with their physician can help patients understand the recovery process better. For instance, the general goals for these surgeries are to reduce pain and restore function to the big toe joint. Post-surgery, the patient may need to wear a cast or special shoes for six to eight weeks before starting to return to normal footwear. These types of instructions are dependent on the type of surgery done and a patient's individual foot. Before surgery is attempted, other forms of bunion treatment will likely have been tried.
During bunion surgery, the surgeon enters through a small incision in either the side or top of the big toe to realign the joint, sometimes removing soft tissue or bone or even putting in tiny screws and wires to help in joint alignment. There are over one hundred possible surgical procedures that are done to treat bunion problems. The recovery period for surgery to correct bunions will depend on the extent of the surgical procedures, usually from six weeks to six months (but can last up to a year for complete healing). The actual surgery is performed as an outpatient procedure where a local anesthetic is used, possibly in combination with a sedative.
Most of these bunion removal options are not designed to 'cure' the bunion but to help alleviate pain or keep it from getting worse and requiring bunion surgery. They can include ice packs and elevating the foot. Sufferers from bunions often take anti-inflammatory pain medication, such as ibuprofen. Wearing the right shoes can also keep pain at bay. Flat or low heel shoes with a wide toe area are best. Good arch support is also helpful to keep pressure off the big toe joint. There are special orthotics and devices made specifically to relieve pressure on the big toe while walking. Some patients find that bunion pads, moleskin, or felt inside the shoes can keep the bunion from rubbing on the inside of the shoe and causing pain.
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